Overview
There are a variety of reasons why someone would want to list all installed packages on an Ubuntu Server install. One reason may be for audit and compliance reasons, perhaps you are about to venture into infrastructure as code.
When writing Ansible playbooks or Puppet modules, for example, of an existing server, it is important to have detailed documentation of the server’s configuration.
There are two methods of listing installed packages on Ubuntu servers. The one you choose will depend on the version of Ubuntu and installed and how much information you need to document.
List Installed Packges with Apt
To list all installed packages with the apt command we use the list command with the–installed flag. The flag instructs apt to only return installed packages. Without the flag, apt will generate a list of packages available from all configured repositories.
sudo apt list --installed
You should see output similar to the following. Of course, the contents will depend on what is installed on your system. Each line will display the package name, version, and architecture.
Listing... Done accountsservice/bionic,now 0.6.45-1ubuntu1 amd64 [installed] acl/bionic,now 2.2.52-3build1 amd64 [installed] acpid/bionic,now 1:2.0.28-1ubuntu1 amd64 [installed] adduser/bionic,now 3.116ubuntu1 all [installed] apparmor/bionic-updates,bionic-security,now 2.12-4ubuntu5.1 amd64 [installed] apport/bionic,now 2.20.9-0ubuntu7 all [installed,upgradable to: 2.20.9-0ubuntu7.6] apport-symptoms/bionic,now 0.20 all [installed] apt/bionic,now 1.6.1 amd64 [installed,upgradable to: 1.6.10] apt-transport-https/bionic-updates,now 1.6.10 all [installed] apt-utils/bionic,now 1.6.1 amd64 [installed,upgradable to: 1.6.10] at/bionic,now 3.1.20-3.1ubuntu2 amd64 [installed] aufs-tools/bionic,now 1:4.9+20170918-1ubuntu1 amd64 [installed,automatic] base-files/bionic,now 10.1ubuntu2 amd64 [installed,upgradable to: 10.1ubuntu2.4] base-passwd/bionic,now 3.5.44 amd64 [installed] bash/bionic,now 4.4.18-2ubuntu1 amd64 [installed] bash-completion/bionic,now 1:2.8-1ubuntu1 all [installed] bc/bionic,now 1.07.1-2 amd64 [installed] bcache-tools/bionic,now 1.0.8-2build1 amd64 [installed] bind9-host/bionic-updates,bionic-security,now 1:9.11.3+dfsg-1ubuntu1.7 amd64 [installed] bsdmainutils/bionic,now 11.1.2ubuntu1 amd64 [installed] bsdutils/bionic,now 1:2.31.1-0.4ubuntu3 amd64 [installed,upgradable to: 1:2.31.1-0.4ubuntu3.3] btrfs-progs/bionic,now 4.15.1-1build1 amd64 [installed]
List Installed Packages with Dpkg
An alternative to apt is to use the
The –get-selections flag is used with
dpkg --get-selections | grep -v deinstall
The output of the command will look similar to the following example. Notice that it doesn’t provide the same amount of informations as the apt list command used earler.
accountsservice install acl install acpid install adduser install apparmor install apport install apport-symptoms install apt install apt-transport-https install apt-utils install at install aufs-tools install base-files install base-passwd install bash install bash-completion install bc install bcache-tools install bind9-host install bsdmainutils install bsdutils install btrfs-progs install btrfs-tools install busybox-initramfs install busybox-static install byobu install bzip2 install ca-certificates install cgroupfs-mount install
For more information about the packages installed on your server, you can use the -l or –list flags.
Desired=Unknown/Install/Remove/Purge/Hold | Status=Not/Inst/Conf-files/Unpacked/halF-conf/Half-inst/trig-aWait/Trig-pend |/ Err?=(none)/Reinst-required (Status,Err: uppercase=bad) ||/ Name Version Architecture Description +++-==============================================-============================-============================-================================================================================================= ii accountsservice 0.6.45-1ubuntu1 amd64 query and manipulate user account information ii acl 2.2.52-3build1 amd64 Access control list utilities ii acpid 1:2.0.28-1ubuntu1 amd64 Advanced Configuration and Power Interface event daemon ii adduser 3.116ubuntu1 all add and remove users and groups ii apparmor 2.12-4ubuntu5.1 amd64 user-space parser utility for AppArmor ii apport 2.20.9-0ubuntu7 all automatically generate crash reports for debugging ii apport-symptoms 0.20 all symptom scripts for apport ii apt 1.6.1 amd64 commandline package manager ii apt-transport-https 1.6.10 all transitional package for https support ii apt-utils 1.6.1 amd64 package management related utility programs ii at 3.1.20-3.1ubuntu2 amd64 Delayed job execution and batch processing ii aufs-tools 1:4.9+20170918-1ubuntu1 amd64 Tools to manage aufs filesystems ii base-files 10.1ubuntu2 amd64 Debian base system miscellaneous files ii base-passwd 3.5.44 amd64 Debian base system master password and group files ii bash 4.4.18-2ubuntu1 amd64 GNU Bourne Again SHell ii bash-completion 1:2.8-1ubuntu1 all programmable completion for the bash shell ii bc 1.07.1-2 amd64 GNU bc arbitrary precision calculator language ii bcache-tools 1.0.8-2build1 amd64 bcache userspace tools ii bind9-host 1:9.11.3+dfsg-1ubuntu1.7 amd64 DNS lookup utility (deprecated) ii bsdmainutils 11.1.2ubuntu1 amd64 collection of more utilities from FreeBSD ii bsdutils 1:2.31.1-0.4ubuntu3 amd64 basic utilities from 4.4BSD-Lite ii btrfs-progs 4.15.1-1build1 amd64 Checksumming Copy on Write Filesystem utilities ii btrfs-tools 4.15.1-1build1 amd64 transitional dummy package ii busybox-initramfs 1:1.27.2-2ubuntu3.2 amd64 Standalone shell setup for initramfs ii busybox-static 1:1.27.2-2ubuntu3.2 amd64 Standalone rescue shell with tons of builtin utilities ii byobu 5.125-0ubuntu1 all text window manager, shell multiplexer, integrated DevOps environment ii bzip2 1.0.6-8.1 amd64 high-quality block-sorting file compressor - utilities
The list above provides for more valuable information of a package’s version, targeted architecture, and includes a brief description.
Summary
Listing installed packages is an important step when you move into infrastructure as code. The information provided can then be used to generate configuration management scripts, from Puppet, Chef, and Ansible, for example.
The information may also be helpful during system audits. You may need to document your servers to satisfy compliance requirements.
